With allergies in the body, a distortion of the immune response occurs, which causes it to produce antibodies to harmless substances from the external environment, including food. Diet for allergies helps reduce the strain of immunity in the presence of a violation of its work (autoimmune diseases, etc. ) or if it has not yet formed (in infants).The article provides a list of hypoallergenic foods, a list of foods that should not be eaten, nutritional recommendations for nursing mothers.
Hypoallergenic product
The food is foreign to the body in terms of its DNA structure, but this usually does not cause a reaction. Even with a sufficient amount of enzymes, some protein molecules do not undergo complete fermentation to amino acids, and can be absorbed into the bloodstream unchanged, causing allergies. An allergy diet consists of such products. These are vegetables, grains and fruits that grow in human areas, do not have a bright red color, and do not contain many proteins and immune agents of the animals from which they are obtained.
When it comes to food allergies, remember thatyou can't eat this food:
Coffee, cocoa, chocolate.The reaction to this product is accompanied by a cross-allergy to nuts. They are usually triggered by the caffeine and theobromine in these products.
Semi-finished products, smoked products. It contains preservatives, food additives that cause both true allergic and pseudo-allergic reactions. When smoked, many carcinogens are formed.
mushrooms.Rich in protein and difficult to ferment, contains chitin and glucan in the cell wall.
Beans(peas, beans, peanuts, lentils) - known as a rich source of vegetable protein, which works as an allergen.
milk.In addition to casein protein, milk contains antibodies to create passive immunity in the offspring of the animals from which it is obtained (cows, goats, etc. ).
Eggs.It contains albumin protein and other nutrients necessary for the development of the bird's embryo and can cause a reaction.
Fish and seafood.The presence of M-antigen protein resistant to heat treatment was established in it.
Cross allergies(vegetables and fruits). If the patient is allergic to pollen, then the reaction occurs to fruits and vegetables that have a similar pollen structure or that belong to the same genus (poplar, willow, apple). When reacting to pollen, it is easier to determine exactly which foods to eliminate.
meat.It contains a lot of protein, but usually due to denaturation during its preparation, the ability to sensitize is greatly reduced.
cereal,especially wheat. They contain gluten, albumin and gliadin.
Pseudoallergic reactions and some hypervitaminosis have manifestations similar to allergies. The main difference is the appearance of symptoms at the first entry of foreign peptides into the body, and the dependence of the severity of the deterioration of the patient's condition on the amount of food consumed. Such a reaction appears on fruits and vegetables that are bright red, sometimes orange (tomatoes, pomegranates, citrus fruits, strawberries).
What to eat - food list
Hypoallergenicdiet requires the elimination of first-level allergens(exotic fruits and vegetables, strawberries, cocoa, mushrooms, peanuts, beans, coffee, honey, seafood, eggs, fish and milk and its derivatives - milk powder and cheese), andmoderate use of secondary allergens(grains - wheat, rye, corn, buckwheat; legumes; potatoes; currants; cranberries; apricots; lingonberries; fatty meats with rich broths from them; herbal tinctures).
The following types of food are allowed:
Lean meat;
food subject to partial fermentation during cooking;
specialized products for residential premises;
white and green vegetables;
offal;
grain.
Grocery list
Hypoallergenic productallowed to eat:
Cereals: semolina, rice, as well as oatmeal and pearl barley.
Low-fat sour milk products without additives, homemade are better: cottage cheese (9%), kefir (1%), fermented baked milk.
Meat: lean beef, turkey, pork.
Giraffe (beef, pork): liver, tongue, kidney.
Cod and sea bass.
Bread from buckwheat, rice or corn.
Oils: butter, sunflower, olive.
Brussels sprouts, white cabbage, cauliflower.
Rutabagas, squash, zucchini, radishes.
Broccoli, green salad, spinach, herbs.
Green apples, pears, white currants and cherries, gooseberries.
Apple and pear compote (also dried), rosehip soup, weakly brewed tea.
Non-carbonated mineral water.
Diet and nutrition for allergies
Food for allergies in children and adults is prescribed in the form of a medical table. The product list and menu areaccording to nutrition table number 5 and number 9.
In children
An anti-allergic diet in children requires the simultaneous exclusion of products that potentiate reactions and the preparation of a diet that saves the digestive organs (in children, gastrointestinal dysfunction often occurs due to too heavy food, due to the immaturity of the liver and a smaller amount of enzymesthan in adults). It is necessary to use hypoallergenic products with low fat content with sufficient carbohydrate consumption. For thisappropriate medical table number 5, except food immune irritants.
Table number 5
Also used for gastrointestinal dysfunction, liver and gallbladder disease.
Nutrients:
Protein - 80-90 g / day (in the ratio of animal and vegetable protein 3: 2);
fat - 70-75 g / day (¼ - for vegetable oil);
carbohydrates - 360 g / day (equivalent to 80-90 g of sugar);
water - 2-2. 5 l / day;
calories - 2400 kcal / day.
Recommended products:
Bakery Products:dry, from bran flour and grade 1 flour, yesterday's bread, premium, kuih kuih.
Not impossible: fresh pastries, muffins.soup.Vegetable soup with zucchini, cauliflower or Brussels sprouts, spinach, pumpkin; milk soup with milk diluted with water (1: 1); with boiled grains (semolina, oats, rice). For dressing - butter, sour cream, flour.
Not impossible: soup from meat, fish, beans and mushrooms.meat.Lean types: rabbit, turkey, chicken, lean beef, pork; cooked skinless and alive. Boiled, steamed meat in the form of minced meat or a whole piece (chicken).
Not impossible: brains, kidneys, smoked products and sausages, fried and cooked meat in pieces, fatty poultry (duck, goose) and meat (pork, beef).fish.Low-fat varieties, mostly freshwater. Boil or steam, in the form of pieces and a whole piece.
Not impossible: fried, in batter, type of fat; salted, boiled, canned; caviar.dairy.Low-fat dairy products: fresh cottage cheese (5-9%), sour cream (15%), kefir (1%), fermented baked milk (2. 5%). Milk diluted with water for soup, cereal.
It is impossible: fatty cottage cheese, sour cream, cream; processed and hard cheeses; whole and dry milk.Eggs.0. 5-1 pieces / day; steamed and boiled.
Not impossible: more than 1 egg per day, another meal.Grains.On water, milk with water (1: 1) - rice, semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat (limited), vermicelli, semolina and rice soufflé, buckwheat and rice flour.
Not allowed: legumes, grains.Vegetables.Potatoes, carrots, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts, spinach, squash, broccoli, zucchini, zucchini, boiled or steamed squash, cucumbers.
It is impossible: white cabbage, onions, pickled vegetables, canned food, pickles, beets, radishes, radishes, radishes, sorrel, garlic, tomatoes, mushrooms, beans.Fruits, sweets.Green apples, gooseberries, limited - apricots, white cherries and currants, pears in raw, pure, boiled form; as part of jelly, mousse, jelly.
Not allowed: sour fruit, exotic fruit, bright red fruit, cream, chocolate, ice cream.sauce.On vegetable soup, boiled grains, with a little low-fat sour cream; with unbaked flour.
Not impossible: mayonnaise, ketchup, on meat, fish, mushroom soup; fatty and spicy dressing.Drinks.Weak green tea without additives; pear, apple and gooseberry compote; of dried fruits; rosehip broth.
It is impossible: cocoa, coffee, black tea and tea with additives (including with lemon); compote from bright red berries; citrus drinks; carbonated drinks.Fat.Butter - up to 30 g / day; sunflower and olive oil (limited).
The time during which a person must undergo an anti-allergic diet is limited: for adults - 2-3 weeks; for children - 7-10 days. If, when the diet is canceled, a rash on the skin and repeated allergic manifestations appear, the product to which the reaction occurred should be excluded.
Table number 9
It is prescribed for metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune diseases and allergies. It requires restriction of carbohydrates in the diet, therefore it is prescribed mainly for adults and children with intolerance to lactose, sucrose, etc.
Nutrients:
Protein: 85-90 g / day (50-60% - animal origin);
Fat: 70-80 g / day (40-45% - vegetable oil);
Carbohydrates - only complex; 300-350 g/day;
Water: 1. 5-2 l/day;
Calorie content: 2200-2400 kcal / day.
Recommended dishes and products:
flour:bran, protein-bran bread, from 2nd grade flour; wheat protein. Sugar-free cookies and pastries (at the expense of bread).
Not impossible: muffins, puff pastry, products with premium flour.Soup:vegetables; borscht and cabbage soup on a weak broth; beetroot; weak soups from simple meat and fish; okroshka from vegetables / with meat; soup with meatballs (without fat).
Not impossible: rich, fatty soup; mushroom soup; with nuts.meat:lean beef, beef, lamb, pork (tenderloin / cue ball); rabbit, turkey, chicken; boiled tongue; heart (limited). In the form of boiled, stewed, steamed; You can stew meat after frying lightly chopped and piece.
Not impossible: smoked meat, sausage, fatty meat, duck, goose, stew.Fish:skinny type steamed, lightly fried, baked, baked without oil. Canned food in tomatoes (limit).
Not impossible: fat types, exotic types of sea fish; seafood; semi-finished products, pickles and canned food in oil; caviar.dairy:low-fat milk (1. 5-2. 5%), or diluted with water for cereal; fermented milk products with low fat content (cottage cheese 0-5%; kefir 1%; ryadanka 2. 5%); medium - sour cream 15%. Types of low-fat unsalted cheese (cheese, feta, ricotta).
Not impossible: cream; sweet curd; hard and salty cheese.Eggs:no more than 1. 5 pcs / day; rebus (soft boiled, hard boiled); steamed protein omelet; reduce the use of egg yolks.
Cereals:moderate (according to carbohydrate norms): millet, pearl barley, buckwheat, barley wheat, oatmeal.
Not allowed: beans, rice, pasta, semolina.Vegetables:potatoes (XE limit), eggplant, cucumbers, tomatoes and beets (limited), carrots, broccoli, zucchini, pumpkin, lettuce, Brussels sprouts and cauliflower, spinach, zucchini, squash. Boiled, stewed, baked dishes; limited - fried.
Not impossible: pickles, conservation.Snacks:vinaigrette, vegetables (zucchini) caviar, fresh salad, marinated herring, fish aspic, meat, diet cheese (except tofu), meat jelly.
It is impossible: smoked meat, fatty snacks, sausages, lard, snacks with liver and mushrooms, pickles, canned food.Fruits, sweets:fresh fruits and berries (sweet and sour), jelly, mass, sambuca, compote; sweets with sugar substitutes.
Not allowed: chocolate, sweets, ice cream, jam, exotic fruits (bananas, figs, dates), raisins and grapes.Sauces, spices:low fat in vegetables, lean meat and fish soup; limit - tomato sauce, pepper, mustard, horseradish.
Not allowed: fatty sauces with lots of spices.Drinks:tea without additives, vegetable and fruit juices (without sugar), rosehip soup.
Not allowed: sugary drinks, soda, wine and other juices from sweet fruits / berries.Fat:fat-free, olive and unsalted butter.
Not impossible: meat and cooking fat (fried, lard, etc. ).
In nursing mothers
A hypoallergenic diet for nursing mothers prevents food reactions in newborns and reduces gas formation in babies. StrictlyDietary restrictions are important in the first 3 months of a baby's life, because:
Nerve regulation of digestion and peristalsis remains immature (one of the causes of colic in newborns);
the digestive system is adapting: previously, the child received nutrients from the mother's blood through the umbilical cord; motility of the gastrointestinal tract and the production of gastrointestinal hormones are launched, the active production of bile and pancreatic, duodenal, gastric juice;
enzymes in the baby's body are produced in limited quantities. Excess nutrients are not digested, which also causes colic and flatulence;
unformed immunity (up to 6 months). Protection of the body is provided by immunoglobulins from breast milk.
When arranging the diet of a nursing woman, it is important that it has enough calories. Daily energy consumption due to lactation increases by 500 kcal.
Due to the increasing adaptive capacity of the child's body, the diet for hepatitis B should be as strict as possible in the first 1-2 weeks of the child's life, with a gradual relaxation of food restrictions and the introduction of small amounts of new foods. product.
1-2 weeks
Completely excluded (what is impossibleeateven in small doses)
cocoa and chocolate;
coffee, strong tea;
legumes;
fatty meat, rich soup;
oily fish and sea;
fruits;
white cabbage;
milk;
eggs;
muffins and pastries from premium flour;
honey;
nuts
Available in limited quantities:
Crackers from grade 1 flour, bran flour;
type of lean fish;
liver (except birds);
lean beef, chicken;
corn, buckwheat;
butter and olive oil;
green baked apple;
potatoes;
sugar;
tea.
The basis of the diet is (sparinghypoallergenicfood):
Low-fat dairy products;
lean meat: rabbit, turkey; weak soup from lean meat;
vegetables and soups from them: cauliflower, Brussels sprouts; broccoli; patisson, zucchini, zucchini; spinach; some onions and carrots;
grains: rice, buckwheat, cereal, wheat, oats; medium - corn, semolina;
fermented milk products: cottage cheese 5-9%; sour cream 15%; kefir, fermented baked milk, diet cheese (ricotta, feta, unsalted cheese);
herbal tea (including lactation tea: anise, fennel, dill, chamomile), rosehip decoction, weak green tea without additives;
dessert: crackers from 1st grade flour or bran; dry bread with bran (you can - sandwiches with a thin layer of butter no more than 1 piece / day), biscuit biscuits (with bran, from premium flour - limited);
2-3 weeks - 1. 5 months
Completely exclude highly allergenic foods, as in the first 14 days, with the exception of:
milk.Use liquid milk no more than 1-2 times a week to make cereal. If a rash appears on the baby's skin, milk is excluded from the diet of the nursing mother.
eggs.In boiled form, no more than 1 piece / week; if there is no reaction in the baby - take it to 1 piece / day, limit protein.
Gradually introduce into the diet:
Characteristics of fruits and vegetables for the yellow and red areas:pumpkin, yellow apple (starting with 1/4 apple a day in baked form), banana (from 1/4 a day); increased potatoes in the diet; beets (boiled with 1 tablespoon grated); tomatoes (start by adding tomato paste (1/2 package for 4 servings) or steamed vegetables (no more than 1/2 medium tomato at a time)); new vegetables are always introduced in baked / boiled form.
Different types of meat:beef, veal, pork, chicken (low-fat parts - cue ball, tenderloin, etc. ). Increase liver intake, gradually introduce chicken liver.
Increase your intake of lean fish.
Nutrition is always adapted to children. If the baby develops a rash when the new product is turned on, it is immediately removed from the woman's diet.
Up to 3 months, the intestinal nervous system has not yet formed, so you should not eat foods that promote gas formation and are difficult to digest:
fatty meat, strong soup, lard;
legumes;
heavy fruits and berries rich in fiber and sugar: cherries, grapes, pears.
3-6 months
The main customization stage is complete. Now, in a woman's diet, you can gradually include all foods, except:
Cocoa, chocolate, coffee;
semi-finished products, sausages and smoked meats;
sauces (mayonnaise, ketchup);
honey, nuts;
citrus and strawberry.
The rest of the product is introduced gradually, observing the baby's reaction (appearance of colic, rash). It is advisable to include soup with legumes in the diet from 4-5 months of the child's life, starting with 1/4 portion at a time.
In one day, 1 new product was introduced to monitor the baby's condition. Therefore, borscht and other complex dishes should be eaten after the baby is used to all the ingredients (beets, tomatoes, cabbage, etc. ).
6-12 months
After 6 months, complementary foods are introduced to children, so you can not adhere to dietary restrictions (except for hyperallergens above).
Complementary food starts with grains (buckwheat, rice, wheat), giving 1 teaspoon as the first meal. Porridge is boiled in breast milk and water, without adding fat and spices. For the first feeding, it is allowed to give homemade fermented milk drinks from low-fat milk (2. 5%): kefir, yogurt without additives and sugar. Children are only given fresh food (1-2 days after preparation).
They start introducing complementary foods at lunch time (12. 00), feeding the baby. During the week, the child should adapt to a meal that replaces complementary foods. After that, the previously introduced product is given in the morning (8. 00-9. 00), and the new product is introduced for lunch.